Probation in Europe develops very fast. On this page, you can find the updated chapters of  the book ‘Probation in Europe’ (2008) that was edited by Anton van Kalmthout and Ioan Durnescu.

Radical changes are being made in some jurisdictions and it is not yet clear how these transformations will shape the form and the practice of probation in these countries. Therefore chapters about these countries will be written later on. Once they are ready, they are uploaded here.


Introduction to the 2013-2014 update of Probation in Europe

By the editors Prof. Anton van Kalmthout and Prof. Ioan Durnescu

Probation in Europe Albania

Written by Almir Xhangolli, published in 2021.

Probation in Europe Austria

By Christoph Koss and Christian Grafl, published in 2013.

Probation in Europe Belgium

By Aline Bauwens and Annie Devos, published in 2015.

Probation in Europe Catalonia (Spain)

By Jaume Martin Barberan and Elena Larrauri Pijoan, published in 2022.

Probation in Europe Croatia

By Dijana Todosiev and Neven Ricijas, published in 2021.

Probation in Europe Czech Republic

By Andrea Matouskova and Marcela Demkova, published in 2018.

Probation in Europe Denmark

By Anette Storgaard and Lene Skov, published in 2017.

Probation in Europe England & Wales

By Kathryn Bird and Melena Ward, published in 2021.

Probation in Europe Estonia

By Jaan Ginter and Rait Kuuse, published in 2013.

Probation in Europe Finland

By Henrik Linderborg, Matti J. Tolvanen and Pia Andersson, published in 2020.

Probation in Europe Georgia

By Teimuraz Magradze and Nino Gozalishvili, published in 2017.

Probation in Europe Greece

By Michael Mavris, Nicolaos Koulouris and Maria Anagnostaki, published in 2015.

Probation in Europe Italy

By Roberta Palmisano and Michele Ciarpi, published in 2016.

Probation in Europe Jersey

By Brian Heath and Peter Raynor, published in 2015.

Probation in Europe Kosovo

By Rexhep Gashi and Metije Ademi, published in 2015.

Probation in Europe Latvia

By Liene Klisane, Imants Jurevicius and  Andrejs Judins, published in 2013.

Probation in Europe Luxembourg

By Christiane Bisenius, Sophie Gosselin, Sophie Rodesch and Claude Kettel ; published in 2021.

Probation in Europe Moldova

By Andrei Iavorschi and Iurie Mahu, published in 2022.

Probation in Europe the Netherlands

By Marco de Kok, Leo Tigges and Anton van Kalmthout, published in 2020.

Probation in Europe Northern Ireland

By Brendan Fulton and Nicola Carr, published in 2014.

Probation in Europe Scotland

By Scott Grant, Jamie Buchan and Alex O’Donnell, published in 2021.

Probation in Europe Serbia

By Jelena Zeleskov Djoric, Ana Batriccvic and Marija Kuzmanovic, published in 2014.

Probation in Europe Slovakia

By Martin Lulei and Vladimir Cehlar, published in 2017.

Probation in Europe Spain

By Esther Montero Perez de Tudela and Carmen Rocío Ruiz, published in 2016.

Probation in Europe Sweden

By Gabriella Boijsen and Gustav Tallving, published in 2018.

Probation in Europe Switzerland

By Daniel Fink and Hans-Ulrich Bruni, published in 2013

Probation in Europe Turkey

By Talip Eryalcin, Sevgi Serdar Kahveci and Deniz Özyörük, published in 2021.